Construction is one of the largest industries in the world. Surveying plays an extremely important role in any construction project. Construction surveying can take many forms. It is used to establish the location and alignment of highways, bridges, buildings, pipes, and other man-made objects. After large-scale projects are completed, an “as-built” survey is performed to locate any modifications that were made to the plans during construction.

Highway surveys involve the location of alignments and computation of volumes materials that must be added, removed, or moved. It initially requires a topographic survey of the site. For large projects, photogrammetric methods will be used to develop the base map. The base map is used by surveyors and other professional to create a base plan for the project. After the alignment has been established, the quantities of earth that must be added or removed are computed. The goal of most projects is to minimize the hauling distances of the earth. This is done using mass diagrams. Eventually surveyors layout the elevation and slope of the various subgrades, base, and top coat materials. The end result is a smooth alignment with smooth transitions from straight to curved sections allowing for safe public transportation.

Traditionally, a highway alignment survey involves the placement of wooden stakes to mark the highway’s location. Today, GPS equipment is being used to provide real-time positioning and alignment of construction equipment. This form of stakeless construction has changed the requirements of surveying personnel working in construction. In addition to the computations required for placement of alignments, today’s construction surveyor needs a strong background in coordinate systems, map projections, and geodetic principles.
Building construction is another area of construction surveying. In this field, the correct placement of footings, foundations, piers and other items of building construction are essential for a sound structure. A university education can provide you with the knowledge required to practice in the area construction surveying.

Keep reading original source: Surveying in Construction Projects

If you are ready to enhance your career opportunities and are interested in construction management jobs, an online degree in construction management can be achieved on a very flexible schedule that works for you and your time commitments. You can take classes at night and on the weekends and complete tests online when it works for you – all in the comfort of your own home. You can even specialize your online degree in construction management by selecting construction management courses focused on topics like financial management, site planning, contract administration, cost estimating and engineering or architectural sciences.

Construction project management has become an increasingly popular career choice for those graduating from college today. This is partly because the industry has started to recognize how invaluable solid project management for construction sites is – especially considering the growing complexity of major construction projects and the many laws that must be taken into account. The people who are hired into construction management jobs are ultimately responsible for the entire project’s success or failure, which is why the not only requires a specialized degree, but also exceptional interpersonal communication and management skills.

Although these types of jobs can be complicated, they also have a fairly high level of compensation. A traditional or online degree in construction management can help qualify you for positions that pay as much as $63,000 per year, which was the industry average for those jobs in 2008. When you couple that with on-the-job construction management training, your earnings potential can increase dramatically as you move up the company ladder into higher-level positions. To help fast track your career, you could also search out a part-time apprenticeship or internship while you are still working toward your online degree in construction management.

If you are ready to start your search for the best undergraduate program offering an online degree in construction management, you can start by researching what online universities offer variations of the degree. One important piece of criteria is that the school you choose for your online degree in construction management must be an accredited online university. This essentially means the school has been evaluated by an independent committee to determine that the curriculum, staff, facilities and technology are up to current university standards. It also means that you should be able to easily transfer your credits to another university (if need be) and that all companies requiring a traditional or online degree in construction management for new hires will recognize your degree.

Keep reading original Construction Management Online Degrees

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The Principal
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75006 PARIS

17 April 2006

Dear Madam

Director of Studies

I am interested in working as Director of Studies for your organisation. I am an EFL language instructor with nearly 10 years’ experience to offer you. I enclose my resume as a first step in exploring the possibilities of employment with Interplay Languages.

My most recent experience was implementing English Through Drama workshops for use with corporate clients. I was responsible for the overall pedagogical content, including the student coursebook. In addition, I developed the first draft of the teacher’s handbook.

As Director of Studies with your organisation, I would bring a focus on quality and effectiveness to your syllabus design. Furthermore, I work well with others, and I am experienced in course planning.

I would appreciate your keeping this enquiry confidential. I will call you in a few days to arrange an interview at a time convenient to you. Thank you for your consideration.

Yours faithfully

Rachel King

Over US$15 billion worth foreign direct investment flowed into the country in the first 11 months as investors gained more confidence in the booming economy, an official said yesterday.

This is easily higher than the full-year figure of $12.2 billion last year – then a record – and Phan Huu Thang, director of the Foreign Investment Department, attributed the jump to the government’s efforts to improve the investment climate.

Vietnam’s admission to the World Trade Organization this year too was a factor, he said.

South Korea tops the list of foreign investors in the 11 months to December, having committed investments of $3.7 billion.

The British Virgin Islands came next with $3.5 billion and Singapore with $1.55 billion, Thang said.

He added that the full-year figure would top $16 billion.

Thang was speaking at an investment seminar in Hanoiwhich sought to promote investment by Malaysian businesses in the capital and 31 northern provinces.

Deputy Minister of Planning and Investment Nguyen Bich Dat told the seminar that the government was committed to a transparent roadmap for opening its market.

Vietnam has attracted more than 8,000 foreign investment projects worth $80 billion since 1988.

It expects an 8.5 percent economic growth rate this year (Source: VNA).

Construction English/ Tiếng Anh Xây Dựng

When you apply for a job, employers ask for two important documents:

1. A CV or resume
2. A covering letter

In the last post we looked at your CV. This post we will look at your covering letter.

Why You Need a Covering Letter

When you send your CV to apply for a position, you should also include a short letter. This letter is called a covering letter, cover letter or letter of application.

Your letter of application is a sales letter. The product it is selling is your CV.

Content

Your letter should be short, concise and relevant. It should:

1. confirm that you are applying for the job
2. say where you learned about the job
3. say why you want the job
4. say why you would be a benefit to the company
5. request an interview

Format

Here is the typical format for your covering letter:

1 Your address – telephone – fax – email
Put your address and telephone number, fax and/or email address at the top in the centre or on the right.

2 Date

3 Destination name and address
This is the name of the person to whom you are writing, his/her job title, the company name and address.

4 Reference
The reference number or code given by the employer in their advertisement or previous letter.

5 Salutation (Dear . . .)
A letter in English usually begins with ‘Dear…’, even if you do not know the person.

6 Subject
The subject of your letter, which for a job application is normally the Job Title.

7 Body
The letter itself, in 3 to 6 paragraphs

8 Ending (Yours . . .)
Yours sincerely, Yours faithfully, Yours truly

9 Your signature

10 Your name
Your first name and surname, for example Mary Smith, James Kennedy

11 Enclosures
Indicate that one or more documents are enclosed by writing ‘Enc 2′ for two documents, for example.

In the English-speaking world, an employer would usually prefer to receive a letter of application that is word-processed (that is, produced on a computer and printed). A hand-written letter could be considered unprofessional.

Construction English/ Tiếng Anh xây Dựng

When you apply for a job, employers ask for two important documents:

1. A CV or resume
2. A covering letter

This post we look at your CV. Next post we will look at your covering letter.

Why you need a good CV

Your CV is a summary of your professional and academic life. It usually concentrates on your personal details, education and work experience.

Your CV’s job is very simple: to get you a job interview. To do this, your CV must be:

• clear
• well-organised
• easy to read
• concise
• relevant to the job offered

Content

You should include everything that is relevant to your employment or career and nothing that is irrelevant. There are usually 5 general headings of information to include:

1. Personal details: name, address, email and telephone number (and sometimes nationality, age/date of birth and marital status)
2. Objective: a headline that summarises the job you want
3. Work experience: your employment in reverse chronological order
4. Education: details of secondary and university education
5. Personal interests: showing that you are a well-balanced person with an interesting life outside work

Sometimes, you may need to give additional information for a particular job or because you have special qualifications.

Format

In the English-speaking world your CV should be word-processed, for several reasons:

• a hand-written CV is unprofessional
• some recruitment agencies and employers like to scan CVs electronically
• it will be easier for you to update and modify your CV later

It is usually best to limit your CV to a maximum of 2 pages. You can usually put everything you need on 1 or 2 pages.

DO NOT USE ALL CAPITALS LIKE THIS!!! CAPITALS ARE VERY DIFFICULT TO READ AND CAN BE CONSIDERED IMPOLITE IN THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING WORLD.

There are basically 2 standard paper sizes, depending on your part of the world:

• A4 (297 x 210 millimetres) – as used in Europe
• Letter Size (8 1/2 x 11 inches) – as used in the United States

Vocabulary

Your language should be simple and clear.

Use short words and short sentences.

Do not use technical vocabulary (unless you are sure that the reader will understand it).

Talk about concrete facts (“I increased sales by 50%”), not abstract ideas (“I was responsible for a considerable improvement in our market position”).

Use verbs in the active voice, not passive voice. Which of these two sentences do you think is the more powerful?

• active: “I organised this exhibition.”
• passive: “This exhibition was organised by me.”

Use “power words”. The most powerful words are verbs. And the most powerful verbs are action verbs. (Action verbs describe dynamic activity, not state).

Here, for example, are some typical power words for Management and Sales skills:

• Management skills: assign, attain, chair, co-ordinate, delegate, direct, execute, organise, oversee, plan, recommend, review, strengthen, supervise, train
• Sales skills: sell, convert, close, deal, persuade, highlight, satisfy, win over, sign

So you should use lots of action verbs matched to your skills, and use them in the active form, not the passive form.

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     Construction English/ Tiếng Anh Xây Dựng

Today, we send millions of Christmas cards every year. But in fact the Christmas card is a relatively modern invention.

In the Middle Ages, European wood engravers produced prints with religious themes. But the first real Christmas card, as we understand the term today, was designed in London, England in 1840. It went on sale in 1843. The designer was John Callcott Horsley, a well known British painter and member of the Royal Academy. He designed the card at the suggestion of his friend Sir Henry Cole, who was the first director of the Victoria & Albert Museum. Horsley produced 1,000 cards and offered them for sale at 1s (one shilling) each. They were printed on stiff card and coloured by hand, with the greeting: “A Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year to You”. The card shows three pictures: in the centre, a family party; to one side the hungry receiving food; to the other side the poor being clothed. Puritans immediately denounced the card, since it showed people drinking in the family party. But with most people the idea was a great success and the Christmas card quickly became very popular.

Christmas cards were not the first greetings cards. Since 1796, with improvements in printing, merchants had been sending cards to their customers offering “best wishes” for the new year. In many countries, Christmas cards gradually became even more popular than New Year’s cards.

As Christmas is the birthday of Jesus Christ, cards often show scenes of His nativity. Others show images associated with Christmas such as wintry scenes of snow-laden pines, Father Christmas (Santa Claus), stars, candles or holly. The traditional greeting written on a Christmas card is “Merry Christmas”, but many other greetings are also used, such as “Happy Xmas” or “Happy Noel”.

English Checker

• denounce: declare publicly to be wrong or evil
• greetings card (BrE) greeting card (AmE)
• His: his (a capital H is often used for God or Jesus)
• holly: a plant with prickly green leaves and red berries laden: heavily loaded or weighed down
• Middle Ages: period of European history from AD 1000 to 1453
• nativity: birth of a child
• the Nativity: the birth of Jesus Christ
• Noel: Christmas (from the French)
• pine: an evergreen tree with needle-shaped leaves
• puritan: person with very strict moral beliefs
• the hungry: hungry people
• the poor: poor people
• Xmas: Christmas (informal, X = initial chi in Greek Khristos

Construction English/Tiếng Anh Xây Dựng

Plans to build under-ground parking lots in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) are being delayed, according to the Department of Transportation and Public Works.

In a press conference statement, Bureau of Traffic Management Deputy Chief Dau An Phuc said the city had planned to build eight underground parking lots in District 1.

The underground sites were Lam Son Square, Le Van Tam Park, the Saigon River’s banks, Chi Lang Park, Hoa Lu Stadium, Bach Tung Diep Park, September 23 Park and Tao Dan soccer stadium.

But the plans were still not final as there were problems stopping the start of construction.In September 2004, the HCMC People’s Committee contracted the Dong Duong Company to build the underground parking lot at Lam Son site, but the Transportation and Public Works Department disapproved the design plan, as the pro-posed parking lot cut into Hai Ba Trung Street and was too close to the Opera House.

For the parking lot in Le Van Tam Park, several city agencies and the subcontractor, Underground Space Investment Development Corporation (IUS), are still squabbling over plans and details with architects and tree preservation.

City agencies said the subcontractor must not remove trees and rejected the subcontractor’s alter-native of transplanting the trees.

However, several construction consultants from Germany and Japan said the project required open-digging instead of closed-digging.

Chairman and CEO of IUS, Le Tuan, said the lot will have about 1,925 parking spots and the company has faced approval difficulties.

If the city doesn’t allow open-digging, the entire project could be scrapped, he said.

“It might only take two years to finish building the parking lot,” Tuan said in frustration.

“But it can take up to five years to get all the approval needed. The cost to build the lot now has skyrocketed to VND1.3 trillion (US$81 million).”

The project has a commercial area with three underground floors and a parking area with five under-ground floors.

HCMC has only two parking lots, Lam Son Square and Ben Thanh Market, with only an 80-100 car capacity.

Recently, the Department of Transportation and Public Works issued a ban prohibiting cars from parking on 44 major streets and banned motorbike parking on sidewalks of 18 streets.

The ban has put an extra squeeze on the existing parking shortage in the city, increasing the need to build the underground car parks (Source:thanniennews.com)

Construction English/ Tiếng Anh Xây Dựng